Neurodegenerative Diseases

Two new studies have shown promise in developing therapies for spinal cord injuries and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and ALS. The research team led by Simone Fabiano at the Swedish University of Linköping was able to produce artificial neurons that mimic up to 15 of the 20 characteristics of biological neurons, allowing them to function in a similar way to natural nerve cells. The team focused on incorporating communication through ions, which is a crucial aspect of biological cells. Experiments with mice showed that the artificial neurons were capable of connecting and stimulating nerves. The next step for the researchers is to reduce the energy consumption of the devices.

On the other hand, a study led by Northwestern University in the United States has successfully developed neurons from stem cells, using an innovative technique that allows the cells to grow on synthetic material composed of "dancing" nanofibers that mimic the behavior of biological molecules. This method allowed the researchers to take the neurons beyond their usual immature stage of growth, resulting in a greater capacity to produce signals and establish contacts between neurons, which are fundamental factors in spinal cord injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. These studies open the possibility of new treatments based on the transplantation of functional neurons and also present new opportunities for the study of neurodegenerative and age-related diseases, allowing researchers to better understand pathological processes and experience treatments.